Mark Fainaru-Wada, Investigative Reporter for ESPN, and Lance Williams, MA, Investigative Reporter for the Center for Investigative Reporting, wrote the following in their 2006 book Game of Shadows: Barry Bonds, BALCO and the Steroids Scandal That Rocked Professional Sports: “The Cream [4] [a testosterone-based ointment distributed by BALCO] was designed to mask the use of other steroids. Blood cells are other parts of your blood. If you get your hands on some orals like dbol or aqua test take them a few days before and stop 2 or 3 days before. Testosterone blood test is ordered if a boy is a much more grown-up than usual before puberty or girls have a low level of sexual desire compared to their age. Cheat Sheet on Testosterone Replacement Therapy Hormone Replacement Therapy Low T , Testosterone Replacement Therapy , TRT Unless you’re a nursing or med student, it’s not likely you’re going to be quizzed on Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT) anytime soon. Last time I received a blood test for testosterone, my levels came back at 391, which is pretty low for my age and lifestyle. This crosses over into crazy girlfriend area, from which there is probably no returning. The problem is that some of the drugs would now fly under the radar with the tattoo technique because athletes would be taking a much smaller dose.’, Cheating athletes are also combining the erectile dysfunction drug Viagra with doses of nitrous oxide, or laughing gas. The ratio compares levels of testosterone to epistosterone [T/E ratio]. Test is tuesday morning at 8:30. Testosterone and the HPG Axis. The benefit of homologous transfusion is no decrease in performance during the donation period.”. It’s a simple blood test that’s usually done early in the morning, when your testosterone levels are highest. The United States Anti-Doping Agency claims to have blood tests from Lance Armstrong that are "fully consistent" with blood doping. It is between the numbers you have listed as the reference ranges. Alex Duff, Reporter for Bloomberg news, stated the following in an Oct. 29, 2007 article titled “Athletes Fool Test of Banned Drug by Using Soap, Scientist Says,” posted on Bloomberg.com: “A few grains of household soap can destroy the banned drug EPO [7.a] in an athlete’s urine sample, wrecking a test that cost $2 million to develop… Scientists made the discovery after a former Tour de France cyclist said he was given an unidentified powder to sabotage surprise tests… [A]nti- doping authorities may need to start checking for protease [14.a], a class of enzymes that destroys EPO and is in soap powder, dishwashing solution and contact-lens cleaner…, There’s no reference to protease on the World Anti-Doping Agency’s list of banned substances… [U]sing soap powder would destroy all EPO in urine, both synthetic and what is produced naturally by kidney cells.”. Why do you ask? ProCon.org. Plasma is the liquid part of the blood which enables the smooth flow of blood. Physical Exam Your doctor will examine you to look for signs of low testosterone … Depending on your physical exam, your symptoms, and your history, other tests may be required after the testosterone test. Large quantities might even provide a … You’ll thank me later. Measure testosterone. Thick blood and testosterone – The last few blood tests I’ve had Thick blood come back in the test results. School Uniforms – Should Students Have to Wear School Uniforms? Michael S. Schmidt, Sports Reporter for the New York Times, wrote the following in a Jan. 9, 2009 article titled “More Exemptions in Baseball for Amphetamine Use Among Players,” published in the New York Times: “[I]t was revealed that the number of major leaguers claiming [therapeutic use] exemptions [17] for attention deficit disorder had risen to 103 in 2007 from 28 in 2006. The complete blood count, or CBC, is a lab test that provides information about these circulating cells. Ladies, want to know if the guy is husband material? I was able to temporary fix this but during my cycle my mid cycle test came back thick again (My Hemoglobin results 18.1) . … Dr. Timothy Raichle answered. these are the results of a recent blood test. The Body Doesn't Care About Total T. Testing for total testosterone by itself is ridiculous because your body doesn't care about it. In this post, I apply my choice of testosterone boosters to the test, but whatever you’re trying to achieve through supplementation, make sure they pass the Supplements Goals Reference Guide. [The Cream] helped the athlete maintain a normal ratio and it concealed what otherwise would be a telltale sign of the use of an undetectable steroid: an abnormally low testosterone level. I need to cheat on my cholesterol test. The Body Doesn't Care About Total T. Testing for total testosterone by itself is ridiculous because your body doesn't care about it. The obvious reasons for thick blood being an issue is blood clotting and … FINA concluded that the sample had been manipulated, that whiskey had been added as a masking agent [10]…, Attention cross-country skiers: If you want to cheat, you may not want to leave that blood-transfusion [2.b] equipment lying around your house. Retrieved from https://sportsanddrugs.procon.org/background-resources/what-are-the-known-methods-of-cheating-to-pass-performance-enhancing-drug-tests/, ProCon.org, "What are the known methods of cheating to pass performance enhancing drug tests?,", ProCon.org, "What are the known methods of cheating to pass performance enhancing drug tests? The vector is injected into the athlete and begins to take over cells. must someone require fasting before the testosterone test? Penile Doppler scan: This test shows how much and how well blood flows in and out of the penis. The test is usually performed in the morning, when T levels are highest. Also men with lower testosterone levels tend to stay married and stay committed than men with higher testosterone levels, who tend to cheat or abuse their spouses. The Original Whizzinator [see picture] is among several kits available… that includes two vials of a clean sample, a holding bag, temperature control measures, and… a five-inch, lifelike prosthetic penis… in three colors: Black, flesh, and latino…. When blood tests confirm a testosterone problem, they can be successfully treated with testosterone replacement therapy (TRT). Epi, as it was known in the drug-testing culture, was present in the body but had no known function. The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), in its July 27, 2006 “Sports” website section titled “TOP 10 Notable Drug Scandals – Doping & Drug Infractions that Rocked the Sports World,” offered the following: “During the 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games. If it's in nanograms per deciliter, it's fine. Here are the proper bibliographic citations for this page according to four style manuals (in alphabetical order): [Editor's Note: The APA citation style requires double spacing within entries. How to increase testosterone without losing hair, How to naturally lower testosterone levels in women. Muscletech Testosterone Booster Cuanto Tiempo Debo Usarla … Animal Testing – Should Animals Be Used for Scientific or Commercial Testing? "What are the known methods of cheating to pass performance enhancing drug tests?" (2007). The virus colonises cells at the same rate it would if carrying disease. had testosterone test done and lab range is 6nmol/l - 27 nmol/l. Your doctor may order other, related blood tests as well. You have to apply them everyday. There is no turning back.”. Have blood testing for testosterone levels if indicated. They bypass the digestive system and result in higher levels of testosterone entering the blood stream. t exists in your bloodstream in two form ... Read More. 4. If the doctor wanted you to take the test at the end of your normal injection cycle (i.e day of or before your next injection) I would suspect your levels would still be a bit high. Testosterone, the male hormone, plays a very small role in letting a men get an erection. 2. This I can attest for, I had blood work done twice in one day. How To Get Your Testosterone Blood Test Is Testosterone Booster Cheating Mens Health Number 1 Rated Testosterone Booster, Less Testosterone When Fat Natural Male Enhancement Walgreens What Organs Produce Testosterone. Attention cross-country skiers: If you want to cheat, you may not want to leave that blood-transfusion [2.b] equipment lying around your house. That means a whistle stop tour of your hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG).. Paul Kelso, Chief Sports Reporter for the Daily Telegraph, wrote the following in a July 31, 2008 article titled “Blood Doping Goes Viral as Cheats Slip through the Net,” published in the Guardian: “EPO [7.c], typically produced from cultured animal cells, is detectable in urine for less than a week, but cheats have become more sophisticated in the way they use it. In order to qualify for a lower rate, I need to get my numbers down a bit. My doctor will only consider putting me on testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) if my levels are in the low 200s as my level is currently in the "normal" … The Complete Blood Test or CBC test is one of the most anticipated and a complete blood count test. The normal range is 300 ng/dL to 1,000 ng/dL—remember that testosterone levels fluctuate throughout the day. ATHLETES who cheat by doping themselves with testosterone may be able to mask their actions by drinking green tea. Evidence brought forward at the disciplinary hearing in London in June 1992 concluded that the same individual probably had provided the samples and that an opportunity had existed for the athletes to catheterize urine from another person prior to the sample collection.”, [Editor’s Note: ProCon.org thanks Dr. Tom Werner, Professor Emeritus of Chemistry at Union College, for providing us with research for use in this presentation.]. Yes. Units of measure - Blood tests use nanograms per deciliter (ng/dL). any way to cheat a blood test? Plasticizer tests can also be performed to look indirectly for the remnants of plastics used in blood storage bags. Then, in a laboratory, it is amplified – made more powerful. Who is the author? 1 doctor agrees. The IOC began an investigation after a cleaner found blood-transfusion materials in a residence used by the Austrians during the Games. This is done by finding a lab that will expeditiously conduct a test on your urine sample, or blood… This test is usually done in the morning when testosterone levels are at their highest. Senior Member Join Date Sep … 1. Of the minority of men taking steroids who actually get blood tests, 99% of them get the wrong assays. Sleep as minimal as possible the day before the test. ], [Editor’s Note: The MLA citation style requires double spacing within entries. 74 men (19-74 years, mean 51 years) underwent a standard 75 g oral glucose tolerance test with blood sampling at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min. I may be missing this question, and if so i apologize. However, it's basically right on the borderline for treatment (which is between 250-350). im a 28 year old male and my reading is 7.6 nmol. By using our website, you consent to our use of cookies. Medical Marijuana – Should Marijuana Be a Medical Option? Recently, recombinant human erythropoietin, more commonly known as ‘EPO,’ [7.b] has been the drug of choice. Smith gave them a sample, but because she was wearing a bulky sweater, the tester couldn’t see what she was doing. Check The Size Of Your Testicles. This was on a 262-1531 scale. Cheats have also become adept at manipulating tests… Typically an athlete will put a protease [14.b] powder in his pocket before a test, transfer it to his fingers and then urinate over his hand into the sample bottle to ensure that the test is meaningless. im taking androgel 1.62% and now experiencing erection difficulties? I'm talking 3-5 hours of working out. What it cares about is 1) "free" testosterone, which is unencumbered to anything, and 2) albumin-bound testosterone, which, while loosely bound, is … Because low testosterone may be an indicator for an underlying problem, like a problem with the pituitary gland, liver disease, an inherited disease, or Addison's disease, your doctor may want to test you for an underlying problem if you have low testosterone. ], ProCon.org. am trying to conceive. dose. Matt McGrath, Senior Broadcast Journalist at the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), in a July 21, 2008 BBC News article titled “Concerns Over Olympic Drug Test,” stated the following: “[A] growing problem is the rise of copycat versions of EPO [7.d]. To learn more, please visit our, If tiu are in south africa the men's clinic would be the best option, A blood test measuring your total level of testosterone circulating in your bloodstreamk. 1. This is the most accurate Testosterone blood test. When a person takes steroids, the body stops producing testosterone to the point that it can bottom put at zero. Testosterone has a "permissive" effect on erectile function -- a little bit is all that is required. Lowering testosterone for TRT blood test Hey guys, I have a naturally low test level that is in the very low 300s verified by a few blood tests over the past few years. These can work tremendously well… One mail-order system that is supposedly undetectable as a diuretic or in any lab test but uses the same means to evade a positive test – detoxification – is Perma Cleanse… A classic method of evading positive drug tests is to couple the use of natural herb diuretics such as dandelion root, uva ursi, and caffeine with fasting.”. This is probably the free testosterone, which is different than total testos ... i need to have a testosterone level test done. Do Testosterone Supplements Work Reddit How To Cycle Off Of Testosterone Prime Labs Testosterone Booster Review. what do i do? A decade ago they would take large quantities of EPO in the off-season to build up red blood cells, and redose prior to competition. How To Lower Testosterone Blood Test ... how to cheat a testosterone test how to know if your testosterone levels are off arimidex increase testosterone bloodeork how long should a testosterone supplement cycle last rage testosterone booster jovian testosterone booster in qatar price how to bring back testosterone mexico 2015 max size natural male enhancement top … For accuracy and consistency, testosterone blood testing should be … Please discuss directly with your doctor. Testosterone has a potent effect on libido, too. The test: Cholesterol. 1. problem is I take much more. That’s what some members of the Austrian cross-country ski team did at the Salt Lake City Olympic Games. Free testosterone was unchecked. Michelle Smith was the pride of Ireland after winning three gold and one bronze medal in the pool… After her Olympic success, it was discovered that FINA, swimming’s international federation, had repeatedly expressed concern that Smith was unavailable for out-of-competition drug tests from 1995 onward. Thick blood and testosterone – The last few blood tests I’ve had Thick blood come back in the test results. Sky News, the UK’s first 24-hour news channel, stated the following in an Aug. 7, 2008 article titled “Olympic Cheats Use ‘Drug Tattoos,” posted on its website: “Olympic cheats are taking performance-enhancing drugs via tattoos [15] in an effort to win gold… Inserting drugs through tattoo needles increases the effect of drugs, meaning athletes can take smaller doses and ‘fly under the radar’ in dope tests. I highly recommend if you have a cheat day save it for your donation day and eat BIG. For those individuals already producing more hormone [testosterone] than their competition, or for those who want to use more than they can sneak in under the radar, epitestosterone is employed. … In truth, the whole testosterone blood test thing is about as accurate as predicting the future using bird droppings. If your total testosterone from your screening lab test comes back abnormal, ask to have the test for “free” or bioavailable testosterone. We do this by taking blood or saliva samples and analyzing them, but I don't … 5) A little alcohol never killed anyone, so make sure you drink allot! Deca Durabolin (Nandrolone Decanoate): A powerful 19 nor compound that will knock your natural test levels out completely, this compound causes 100% natural testosterone suppression with as little as a single 100mg dose. … Blood Test to Check Testosterone Levels A simple blood test can reveal your testosterone level. If it continues to be high you may actually have high blood pressure, or what you are doing to manage your blood pressure may not be working. 0. However, follicle-stimulating hormone, which reaches elevated levels during menopause, reduced sexual function in women. Because they are normally highest in the morning, your doctor will probably want to do the blood test in the morning. The most common test is for “total testosterone,” which is the testosterone that is bound to other proteins in the blood. How to test your testosterone levels affordably. Testosterone levels have a major impact on the size and shape of … C.Phantasy. The normal testosterone-epitestosterone ratio is 1:1, but because top athletes are often genetically advanced, their ratios may differ compared to those of the average man. I always deny that im taking anything but since I dont look like … Now there is a growing trend towards micro-dosing [11.a], where athletes take small, barely detectable amounts of EPO to maintain levels. [Editor’s Note: The International Olympic Committee Medical Commission set a T/E ratio of 6:1 in 1982, but in 2005 the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) lowered the legal ratio to 4:1.] An athlete donates blood, stores it, and then receives the blood at a later point in time… In a homologous transfusion, the blood comes from another person. On paper, this result doesn’t represent the significance of the test, which is applicable only when all the factors have been considered for the patient. There are two main types of testosterone tests: Total testosterone, which measures both attached and free testosterone. This leaves open the possibility for a certain amount of exogenous testosterone if one is careful enough to make sure the hormone stays within accepted limits. However, with the advent of more effective and inclusive testing, the use of EPO has become more difficult and complex… Because of the increased risk of detection… athletes may turn to an older form of blood doping that, until recently, has been virtually undetectable. This test measures the levels of testosterone in your blood. A 26-year-old male asked: i need to have a testosterone level test done. I have addisons disease and have been taking testoviron depot since 16. im 41 now. You will have a tube of blood taken from a vein in your arm or finger. I was able to temporary fix this but during my cycle my mid cycle test came back thick again (My Hemoglobin results 18.1) . Physical Exam I have a naturally low test level that is in the very low 300s verified by a few blood tests over the past few years. My first test was done at 11am and my Total Testosterone came back at 423. To save you the effort we have added a few links below for entertainment value. 3. ATHLETES who cheat by doping themselves with testosterone may be able to mask their actions by drinking green tea. A zero level would set off red flags for drug testers, but The Cream elevated testosterone enough to avoid suspicion.”, July 21, 2008 – Mark Fainaru-Wada Lance Williams, MA. Last modified on August 28, 2009. The IOC began an investigation after a cleaner found blood-transfusion materials in a residence used by the Austrians during the Games. That's right. Change your mindset, change your life. The normal range is 300 ng/dL to 1,000 ng/dL—remember that testosterone levels fluctuate throughout the day. Shannon Sovndal, MD, Emergency Medicine Physician at Boulder Community Hospital and former doctor of the Slipstream cycling team, in a Sep. 28, 2004 VeloNews article titled “The Hamilton Case: A Doctor Explains Blood Doping,” explained: “Blood transfusions [2.a] have long been used to enhance athletic performance. Often, they are used to see if certain drugs are present in a patient’s body, or if medications taken for a specific illness are effective, or if there are any imbalances of minerals in the body and if all the organs are functioning well. Because the medicine has been so successful financially, companies in India, China and Cuba have developed drugs that do a similar job in the body, but have a slightly different molecular fingerprint. This is obviously an issue so I’ll be going over the next step in getting this taken care of. Saliva tests (like the Everlywell Testosterone Test) use … The new stipulations are stricter than those established by the IAAF in 2011, which limited women's testosterone levels to 10 nanomoles per liter of blood. Nitrous oxide is legal in the US under the supervision of a dentist or doctor, but federal law prohibits the sale or distribution of it for recreational consumption.]. (2009, August 28). would not sleeping at all or very little sleep the night before an am testosterone test affect the levels? Share this post on; Digg; Del.icio.us; Technorati; Twitter; 06-25-2009 #2. Research in Germany has shown that delivering DNA vaccines via tattoo was 16 times more effective than injecting through the muscles or veins as the vibrating tattoo needle prepares the body’s immune system and increases the body’s response to the drug…, Former Australian Institute of Sport researcher Robin Parisotto said… ‘With some of these things the technology is so new, the concept so bizarre, that there would only be a handful of well tapped-in athletes using it – but they will be experimenting at the Beijing Olympics because it is the ultimate. what is a testosterone test for men? Then retest. An Ultimate CBC Test Cheat Sheet You Should Check. Death Penalty – Should the Death Penalty Be Allowed? When testosterone hits the … HealthTap uses cookies to enhance your site experience and for analytics and advertising purposes. “How To Get Your Testosterone Blood Test” Alpha Test Testosterone Booster Para Que Sirve Why Is My Voice Still High Testosterone Reddit What Does Going Long Term With Low Testosterone Cause. Both drugs increase the flow of oxygen in the blood stream and therefore boost sporting performance.”, [Editor’s Note: WADA released a statment on Sep. 25, 2008 noting that it did not include Viagra on the 2009 Prohibited List (147 KB) , but it is conducting studies to determine whether to ban the use of Viagra in the future. If results from the automated instrument are outside specified limits, a medical technologist will examine the cells closely so complete information about the cells … Although I failed the last test without trying I am concerned I will pass this one and the Dr. won't prescribe. EORLA regional biochemistry recommended reference intervals by instrumentation/analyzer: Beckman DXI. If your blood pressure still tests high, ask the medical examiner if you may lie down in the exam room for 15 minutes and turn the lights out. Illegal Immigration – What Are the Solutions to Illegal Immigration in America. Why are you having trouble sleeping. Social Media – Are Social Networking Sites Good for Our Society? I always deny that im taking anything but since I dont look like an … what can cause 'raised testosterone and slightly raised prolactin'? c … Testosterone that is not attached to a protein is called free testosterone. Transfusions are an extremely straightforward, simple, and effective method of increasing the blood’s oxygen carrying capacity. http://amzn.to/1Ep7OTv To analyze the CBC test, you should keep in mind that there are two important parts of blood – cellular and plasma elements. Testosterone had a positive association with sexual desire and masturbation. 0 comment. I am enlisting the help of all the evil geniuses (and google addicts) on ways to cheat on a test. A quick search of the internet will pop up a number of websites and videos that will show you how to cheat drug and alcohol tests. The half life of test cyp is something like 8 days, so by next Wednesday you should be close to your levels taking your normal 1cc/wk (200mg?) my testosterone test come back at 16.7 it should be between 300 and 800 but they didn't tell me anything i can do to improve it. The clean sample is often purchased from a teammate, a neighbor, even over the internet. High insulin levels, either from short-term cheat meals or long-term overeating, increases the activity of an enzyme found in fat tissue that converts testosterone to estrogen. NOW REACHING toward the end of my fifth decade, I’m concerned about my testosterone levels, as I should be – depending on the source , perhaps 20 percent of men over 30 have less … There are two methods of doping through blood transfusions: autologous and homologous. problem is I take much more. An individual's (t) level is usually confirmed through a blood test called a "serum total testosterone test." Cheats have also become adept at manipulating tests… Typically an athlete will put a protease [14.b] powder in his pocket before a test, transfer it to his fingers and then urinate over his hand into the sample bottle to ensure that the test is meaningless. I have to do regular blood tests and see an endocrinologist every few months showing them these tests and the numbers are through the roof. about 900mg per week. Oh, and a test to detect it is years away – perhaps as much as a decade…. Chicago: American Medical Association. EPO couldn't be meaningfully detected before 2001, and blood doping and HGH couldn't be detected by tests before 2005. Diuretics [5] and Perma Cleanse [12]. As long as these levels are monitored… detection would be a very low risk. The Austrians claimed the equipment was used for ultraviolet radiation treatment of athletes’ blood to treat and prevent colds and flu, not for performance-enhancing purposes.”, July 27, 2006 – Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC). A testosterone level blood test is performed when there is a suspicion of Low T. Adults who have this simple procedure performed are typically doing so for any of the following reasons: It is primarily used for men with severe erectile dysfunction. 1 thank. Visual Erection … !function(){var e,t=document.getElementById("procon-page-data"),n=! Top answers from doctors based on your search: Connect by text or video with a U.S. board-certified doctor now — wait time is less than 1 minute! Where To Give A Testosterone Shot Does Centrum Men Boost Testosterone … Of the minority of men taking steroids who actually get blood tests, 99% of them get the wrong assays. This axis made up of your hypothalamus and pituitary gland – which lie within your brain – and your gonadal or reproductive glands. Source: istockphoto.com (accessed online Dec. 3, 2008), Banned Performance Enhancing Substances and Methods. Because they are normally highest in the morning, your doctor will probably want to do the blood test in the morning. Testosterone, blood a Female ≤ 2.6 nmol/L Male: 6.1–27.1 nmol/L: a Eastern Ontario Regional Laboratory Association. Serum testosterone level: Measured biochemically in a laboratory. Once the gene is embedded, it will be expressed. Another barrier to detection is the growing variety of EPO products available through the legitimate pharmaceutical market and in cheaper generic forms… Most recently testers successfully caught three cyclists on the Tour de France… That test was only possible because of the cooperation of the manufacturer, a relationship that does not exist with those producing generics. Accessed February 15, 2021. https://sportsanddrugs.procon.org/background-resources/what-are-the-known-methods-of-cheating-to-pass-performance-enhancing-drug-tests/, Male fake phallus urination device image. Testosterone Booster Zhou Girl Who Took Testosterone Testosterone Booster Women. If I have to go back for another blood test, I'd like to lower my testosterone levels as much as possible so the doctor can't say something like "Well, your levels are low, but technically … It was a mixture of synthetic testosterone and epitestosterone. These cheap versions of EPO, often called biosimilars [1], can be easily bought over the internet… Some scientists who track and monitor the development of copycat EPO drugs say there could be up to 80 different versions now being manufactured in different parts of the world.”. How To Cheat A Testosterone Blood Test Monkeys Do Not Masturbate To Increase Testosterone; What Is Free And Total Testosterone How Often Do You Stop And Start Testosterone How To Use Testosterone Enanthate Safely. What should I do to help ensure I fail? On 24 Dec, I have a physical as required for my application for life insurance. Proper citation depends on your preferred or required style manual. Most of the testosterone in the blood is attached to proteins. High testosterone males cheat more, divorce more, spend less time with their children, but are also highly focused and driven. That's right. It cannot induce artificial erection in an unaroused person. hello, i recently had a testosterone test done which was 386ng. Below are the proper citations for this page according to four style manuals (in alphabetical order): the Modern Language Association Style Manual (MLA), the Chicago Manual of Style (Chicago), the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA), and Kate Turabian's A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations (Turabian). The implication was that players, faced with the 2006 ban on amphetamine use, were making claims of attention deficit disorder so that they would be allowed to use stimulants like Ritalin and Adderall…, 106 players were granted therapeutic use exemptions for attention deficit disorder in 2008… about 8 percent of the major league players… The percentage of American adults who have been given a diagnosis of attention deficit disorder is somewhere between 1 and 3.5 percent, according to the National Institute of Mental Health, although some experts believe the actual number is much higher, citing a large number of undiagnosed cases.”.