NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (040.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP The NAACP persuaded the U.S. attorney general to challenge the constitutionality of the “grandfather clause,” encouraged by a Maryland Circuit Court decision in 1913. On December 1, W.E. The NAACP pledged “to promote equality of rights and eradicate caste or race prejudice among citizens of the United States; to advance the interest of colored citizens; to secure for them impartial suffrage; and to increase their opportunities for securing justice in the courts, education for their children, employment according to their ability, and complete equality before the law.” The NAACP pursued this mission through a variety of tactics including legal action, lobbying, peaceful protest, and publicity. [14], By 1893, the Illinois legislature passed the first factory law limiting work for women to eight hours a day and prohibiting the employment of children under the age of fourteen. Tuskegee principal Robert Moton, his secretary Nathan Hunt, and reporter Lester Walton, were also aboard the press ship Orizaba, sent by the U.S. Congress to investigate the treatment of black troops. Page 2 NAACP Records, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (033.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP [Digital ID # hec.19537], Bookmark this item: //www.loc.gov/exhibits/naacp/founding-and-early-years.html#obj9. In 1909 Kelley helped create the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). William D. Kelley was the son of Hannah and David Kelley. NAACP membership grew rapidly, from around 9,000 in 1917 to around 90,000 in 1919, with more than 300 local branches. From this base, Wald founded public health nursing in the U.S. She introduced public school nurses and the Red Cross Town and Country Nursing Service. She served as the first general secretary of the National Consumers League and helped create the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). Platform of the National Negro Committee, 1909. As a member of the board of directors, she belonged to committees on Nomination, The Budget, Federal Aid to Education, Anti-Lynching, and the Inequality Expenditure of School Funds. Wells, Archibald Grimké, Mary Church Terrell, and the previously named whites Henry Moskowitz, Mary White Ovington, William English Walling (the wealthy Socialist son of a former slave-holding family), Florence Kelley, a social reformer and friend of Du Bois; Oswald Garrison Villard, and … New York: National Consumers' League, 1916. Included are NAACP activists Addie Hunton, Mary Church Terrell, Mary Talbert (Second row, left to right: 1st, 3rd, and 4th), Arthur Spingarn, William Pickens, and Charles W. Chesnutt (First row, left to right: 1st, 2nd, and 4th). DuBois, Kelley was well known for asking pointed questions to find a course of action. [3] Her father was a self-made man who became an abolitionist, a founder of the Republican Party, a judge, and a longtime member of the US House of Representatives. NAACP Collection, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (042.00.00) Courtesy of the NAACP Many southern and border states devised legal barriers to circumvent the Fifteenth Amendment and prohibit black voting. Printed document, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. The speakers included sociologist W.E.B. [21], In 1909, Kelley helped create the NAACP and thereafter became a friend and ally of W. E. B. After “the Call” went out, the National Negro Conference was held at Charity Organization Hall in New York City on May 31 and June 1, 1909. Gelatin silver print. [Digital ID # cph.3g02427], Bookmark this item: //www.loc.gov/exhibits/naacp/founding-and-early-years.html#obj21. In her early years, she was severely sick and highly susceptible to infections and so was unable to go to school for a period of time. Her translation, of the latter's The Condition of the Working Class in England into English in 1885 is still used today. Its more than half-million members and supporters throughout the United States and the world are the premier advocates for civil rights in their […] Florence Kelley (1859–1932) was born to affluent North American 19th-century Black activists in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and educated at Cornell College. Bourgeois philanthropy "aims to give back to the workers a little bit of what our social system robs them of, propping up the system longer," (92) thus it is fundamentally palliative, preserving the current system in place. To gain support from the media, Kelley also suggested for newspaper editors who opposed lynching to be published. The act provided aid to mothers and children during pregnancy and infancy. He was later reelected and served from1905 until1907. Du Bois over finances for The Crisis, the NAACP monthly magazine that Du Bois edited. Hull House founder Jane Addams' nephew called Kelley "the toughest customer in the reform riot, the finest rough-and-tumble fighter for the good life for others, that Hull House ever knew. Page 2 - Page 3 - Page 4. Plugh's decision to deny use of cotton and sugar because of the connection to slave labor made an impression on Kelley from an early age. [4], Kelley also earned a law degree at Northwestern University School of Law in 1894. The NAACP established its national office in New York City in 1910 and named a board of directors as well as a president, Moorfield Storey, a white constitutional lawyer and … [10] Kelley also served as a mentor to younger activists, such as Mary van Kleeck, who briefly worked for the Consumers League. Social Worker Florence Kelley Florence Kelley (1859–1932), a social worker and attorney, was born in Philadelphia, the daughter of Congressman William D. Kelley, an abolitionist and founder of the Republican Party. 1910. Finally, Kelly briefly explores how society ultimately bears the cost for not paying a sufficient minimum wage, through caring for the poor and through the maintenance of prisons. The NAACP was formed partly in response to the continuing horrific practice of lynching and the 1908 race riot in Springfield, the capital of Illinois and resting place of President Abraham Lincoln. Anna died at the age of six years. New York: National Consumers' League, 1922. (2009). [4] Unable to divorce her husband for "non-support," she fled to Chicago and received full custody of her children. The history was never published. The only sound was the beat of muffled drums. Kerr Pub. Moorfield Storey, between 1909 and 1929. The NAACP would eventually fight battles against the Ku Klux Klan and other hate organizations. Kelley’s investigation into labor conditions made her aware of how different races were being treated differently in the workplace. On September 12, 1859, Kelley was born to William D. Kelley (1814–1890) and Caroline Bartram Bonsall in Philadelphia. Kelley worked with Josephine Goldmark to make the Brandeis Brief to demonstrate the harmful effects of overtime on women's health. Journal. A conflict with Fortune, a Washington ally, led to his removal in 1902. Spingarn resigned his professorship in 1911 to devote his energy and talents to the NAACP. Moorfield Storey (1845–1929), a prominent constitutional lawyer and past president of the American Bar Association, became the NAACP’s first president (1910–1929). The NAACP brought lynchings to light and sought justice, and allied with labor unions. [Digital ID# # na0036p1], Bookmark this item: //www.loc.gov/exhibits/naacp/founding-and-early-years.html#obj20. Photograph. Kelly argues that it is the responsibility of the consumer to use their buying power to discourage moral ills regarding work conditions, such as child labor. [4] There, she wrote her thesis about disadvantaged children. Dr. Henry Moskowitz, between 1920 and 1936. Digital ID # ppmsca-23829, Bookmark this item: //www.loc.gov/exhibits/naacp/founding-and-early-years.html#obj7. Kelley died, age 72, in the Germantown section of Philadelphia on February 17, 1932. Press | Kelley is famous for creating the tradition of protest against racial discrimination, which occurred in the mid-20th century.