Much of the landform has been shaped by the actions of glaciers and the shrinkage of the bay over long periods of time. Based upon this data, geophysicists and other Earth scientists concluded that the Laurentide Ice Sheet was composed of two large domes to the west and east of Hudson Bay. There are many islands in Hudson Bay, mostly near the eastern coast. Measured by shoreline, Hudson Bay is the largest bay in the world (the largest in area being the Bay of Bengal). Communities along the Hudson Bay coast or on islands in the bay are (all populations are as of 2016): The Hudson's Bay Company built forts as fur trade strongholds against the French or other possible invaders. The area is drained by a large number of rivers and has formed a characteristic vegetation known as muskeg. During Middle Silurian times, subsidence ceased and this basin was uplifted. [23], The Hudson Bay region has very low year-round average temperatures. Another group includes the Ottawa Islands. With the closure of the HBC posts and stores, although many are now run by The North West Company,[57] in the second half of the 20th century, many coastal villages are now almost exclusively populated by Cree and Inuit people. Québec, Ontario, Manitoba and Nunavut all have seacoast on Hudson Bay. Other authorities include it in the Atlantic, in part because of its greater water budget connection with that ocean. The area is drained by a large number of rivers and has formed a characteristic vegetation known as muskeg. They left Hudson and others adrift in a small boat. The Belcher Islands are the eroded surface of the Belcher Fold Belt, which formed as a result of the tectonic compression and folding of sediments that accumulated along the margin of the Superior Craton before its collision with the Western Churchill Craton. Arkhangelsk at 64°N in northwestern Russia has an average of 2 °C or 36 °F,[25] while the mild continental coastline of Stockholm at 59°N on the shore of an analogous large hyposaline marine inlet – the Baltic Sea – has an annual average of 8 °C or 46 °F. 23, Census division [Census division], Manitoba", "Census Profile, 2016 Census Fort Severn 89, Indian reserve [Census subdivision], Ontario and Kenora, District [Census division], Ontario", "Census Profile, 2016 Census Kuujjuarapik, Village nordique [Census subdivision], Quebec and Nord-du-Québec, Census division [Census division], Quebec", "Census Profile, 2016 Census Puvirnituq, Village nordique [Census subdivision], Quebec and Quebec [Province]", "Census Profile, 2016 Census Umiujaq, Village nordique [Census subdivision], Quebec and Nord-du-Québec, Census division [Census division], Quebec", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hudson_Bay&oldid=1004687647, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 6,713, the second-largest in the county, following the nearby town of Kinderhook. These cratons are separated by a tectonic collage that forms a suture zone between these cratons and the Trans-Hudson Orogen. [39][42], The Precambrian Shield underlying Hudson Bay and in which Hudson Bay basin formed is composed of two Archean proto-continents, the Western Churchill and Superior cratons. Hudson is a city located along the west border of Columbia County, New York, United States. [16] The HBC negotiated a trading monopoly from the English crown for the Hudson Bay watershed, called Rupert's Land. The coast of Hudson Bay is extremely sparsely populated; there are only about a dozen communities. Hudson Bay (Town) is located in Saskatchewan (SK) in Canada. It generated an emergent arch, on which reefs grew, that divided the basin into eastern and western sub-basins. [48][49], The longer periods of ice-free navigation and the reduction of Arctic Ocean ice coverage have led to Russian and Canadian interest in the potential for commercial trade routes across the Arctic and into Hudson Bay. Some of these were founded as trading posts in the 17th and 18th centuries by the Hudson's Bay Company, making them some of the oldest settlements in Western Canada. Hudson's Bay is now also offering higher-end brands, keeping in line with offerings from The Room and the West End Shop. Hudson Bay Lowlands is a vast wetland located between the Canadian Shield and southern shores of Hudson Bay and James Bay.Most of the area lies within the province of Ontario, with smaller portions reaching into Manitoba and Quebec.Many wide and slow-moving rivers flow through this area toward the salt water of Hudson Bay: these include the Churchill, Nelson and Hayes in Manitoba, … Some references of geological/impact structure interest include: Rondot, Jehan (1994). [53] The railway continued to carry cargo to supply the town of Churchill itself until the line was damaged by flooding on May 23, 2017. In the extreme northeast, winter temperatures average as low as −29 °C or −20.2 °F. [15]:185 In May 1612, Sir Thomas Button sailed from England with two ships to look for Henry Hudson, and to continue the search for the north-west passage to India. Hudson Bay is a vibrant, safe and friendly community of 1,500 people that is full … [19] This mapping progress led to the establishment of Churchill, Manitoba as a deep-sea port for wheat exports in 1929, after unsuccessful attempts at Port Nelson. Two main historic sites along the coast were York Factory and Prince of Wales Fort. Sea ice is about three times the annual river flow into the bay, and its annual freezing and thawing significantly alters the salinity of the surface layer. Hudson Bay (French: baie d'Hudson) is a large body of water in northeastern Canada. At the extreme southern tip of the extension known as James Bay arises a humid continental climate with a longer and generally hotter summer. The western shores of the bay are a lowland known as the Hudson Bay Lowlands which covers 324,000 km2 (125,000 sq mi). When the ice cleared in the spring, Hudson wanted to explore the rest of the area, but the crew mutinied on June 22, 1611. Because of the irregular shapes of the colliding cratons, this collision trapped between them large fragments of juvenile crust, a sizable microcontinent, and island arc terranes, beneath what is now the centre of modern Hudson Bay as part of the Trans-Hudson Orogen. The city is named after the adjacent Hudson River and ultimately after the explorer Henry Hudson. [43][44] However, other Earth scientists have proposed that the evidence of an Archean impact might have been masked by deformation accompanying the later formation of the Trans-Hudson orogen and regard an impact origin as a plausible possibility. Sea ice is about three times the annual river flow into the bay, and its annual freezing and thawing significantly alters the salinity of the surface layer. Its vegetation is typically boreal forest, and to the north, tundra. Wilson, J. Tuzo (1968) Comparison of the Hudson Bay arc with some other features. This is because no credible evidence for such an impact structure has been found by regional magnetic, Bouguer gravity, or other geologic studies. [5] On the east it is connected with the Atlantic Ocean by Hudson Strait; on the north, with the Arctic Ocean by Foxe Basin (which is not considered part of the bay), and Fury and Hecla Strait. The port was originally owned by the Government of Canada but was sold in 1997 to the American company OmniTRAX to run privately. Beals, C. S. (editor), p. 1015–1033. [54] On July 9, 2019, ships on missions to resupply arctic communities began stopping at the port for additional cargo,[55] and the port began shipping grain again on September 7, 2019.[56]. The bay lies in a huge saucer-shaped basin, fringed by uplands of the Canadian Shield. This is because no credible evidence for such an impact structure has been found by regional magnetic, Bouguer gravity, or other geologic studies. [16] The HBC negotiated a trading monopoly from the English crown for the Hudson Bay watershed, called Rupert's Land. [45], Earth scientists have disagreed about what created the semicircular feature known as the Nastapoka arc that forms a section of the shoreline of southeastern Hudson Bay. Hudson Bay Named for the Dutch explorer Henry Hudson who explored these waters in 1610, it is the second-largest bay on the planet, next to the Bay of Bengal. 1100x952 / 201 Kb Go to Map. 2014x2442 / 2,7 Mb Go to Map. Hudson is paired with Pallisa, Uganda, as a sister city. Die Hudsons Bay Company (HBC, französisch Compagnie de la Baie dHudson) ist ein kanadisches Handelsunternehmen, das 1670 mit einem Privileg des Königs von England, Schottland und Irland gegründet wurde. 1589x1421 / 1,27 Mb Go to Map. Before deposition was terminated by marine regression, Upper Devonian black bituminous shale accumulated in the south-east of the basin. As of the 2010 census, Hudson's population was 12,158. Communities along the Hudson Bay coast or on islands in the bay are (all populations are as of 2016): The Hudson's Bay Company built forts as fur trade strongholds against the French or other possible invaders. Hudson's Bay, formerly and still colloquially The Bay, is a Canadian department store chain. [39][40][41][42], From the large quantity of published geologic data that has been collected as the result of hydrocarbon exploration, academic research, and related geologic mapping, a detailed history of the Hudson Bay basin has been reconstructed. This is because in the central summer months, heat waves can advance from the hot land and make the weather milder, with the result that the average temperature surpasses 10 °C or 50 °F. Hudson is the county seat of Columbia County. Hudson Bay occupies the southernmost portion of the Hudson Bay Lowlands, a depression in the Canadian Shield formed during the Pleistocene epoch by the weight of the continental ice sheet. Data collected over Canada by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission allowed geophysicists to isolate the gravity signal associated with glacial isostatic adjustment from longer–time scale process of mantle convection occurring beneath the Canadian Shield. Northern Hudson Bay has a polar climate (Köppen: ET) being one of the few places in the world where this type of climate is found south of 60 °N, going further south towards Quebec, where Inukjuak is still dominated by the tundra. Tamisiea, M.E., Mitrovica, J.X. Two main historic sites along the coast were York Factory and Prince of Wales Fort. About Hudson Bay: The Facts: Area: 470,000 sq mi (1,230,000 sq km). As of the 2000 census, Hudson's population was 12,765. Hudson's Bay 5 Point Blanket / Blau Reine Wolle,ca 155x225 cm, Gewicht ca.2,6kg. Hudson Bay, Canada, has been found to have less gravity than anywhere else in the world Sign up for FREE for the biggest new releases, reviews and tech hacks SUBSCRIBE Invalid email It is the only port of its size and scope in Canada that does not connect directly to the country's road system; all goods shipped overland to and from the port must travel by rail. Its vegetation is typically boreal forest, and to the north, tundra. The current general consensus is that it is an arcuate boundary of tectonic origin between the Belcher Fold Belt and undeformed basement of the Superior Craton created during the Trans-Hudson orogeny. In the same volume, John Tuzo Wilson[47] commented on Beals' interpretation and alternately proposed that the Nastapoka arc may have formed as part of an extensive Precambrian continental collisional orogen, linked to the closure of an ancient ocean basin. Routes from the port connect to the North Atlantic through the Hudson Strait. Hudson Bay has a lower average salinity level than that of ocean water. [15]:170 On his fourth voyage to North America, Hudson worked his way around Greenland's west coast and into the bay, mapping much of its eastern coast. [38] One group of islands is the Belcher Islands. In the same volume, John Tuzo Wilson[47] commented on Beals' interpretation and alternately proposed that the Nastapoka arc may have formed as part of an extensive Precambrian continental collisional orogen, linked to the closure of an ancient ocean basin. The average annual temperature for Churchill at 59°N is −6 °C or 21.2 °F and Inukjuak, facing cool westerlies in summer at 58°N, an even colder −7 °C or 19.4 °F. The only Arctic deep-water port in Canada is the Port of Churchill, located at Churchill, Manitoba. The Hudson's Bay Company (HBC; French: Compagnie de la Baie d'Hudson CBH) is a Canadian retail business group. The chain operated under the company name before being rebranded to The Bay … The Port and the Hudson Bay Railway were sold to Arctic Gateway Group — a consortium of First Nations, local governments, and corporate investors — in 2018. The company announced recently that its stores will be closing this December after being a mainstay in Canada since 1802 when the area was still growing. Much of the landform has been shaped by the actions of glaciers and the shrinkage of the bay over long periods of time. Earth-Science Reviews 35, 4, p. 331–365. It is bounded by the territory of Nunavut in the north and west; Manitoba and Ontario in the south and Quebec in the east. The area is rocky and hilly. [24] Vis-à-vis geographically closer Europe, contrasts stand much more extreme. Discovery became trapped in the ice over the winter, and the crew survived onshore at the southern tip of James Bay. More importantly, they were trading posts with the indigenous peoples who came to them with furs from their trapping season. The port is connected to the Hudson Bay Railway, which shares the same parent company, and cargo connections are made with the Canadian National Railway system at HBR's southern terminus in The Pas. 394. From Arviat, Nunavut, to the west to the south and southeast prevails the subarctic climate (Köppen: Dfc).